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Modiola caroliniana

(L.) G.Don (1831)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malvales Family: Malvaceae Genus: Modiola

modiola

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Creeping diffuse perennial herbs, sparsely hirsute, the hairs simple or 2-branched.

Stems: Stems slender, rooting at the nodes, up to 0.5(–0.8) m long.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades usually 1.5–6 cm long. Base truncate to subcordate. Margins lobed and serrate. Petioles about as long or longer than blades. Stipules broadly ovate, persistent.

Flowers: Flowers solitary in the leaf axils, pedicellate; involucral bracts 3, oblanceolate to obovate-cuneate, distinct. Involucral bracts 3.5–5.5 mm long, up to 2.2 mm wide. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Pedicels filiform, usually shorter than subtending petioles. Calyx 5-lobed, composed of connate sepals, sometimes irregularly cleft or truncate, the lobes valvate in bud, 4–7 mm long, accrescent and clasping in fruit. Corolla actinomorphic to moderately zygomorphic, salmon-colored to orange, often maroon at center, drying rose or lavender, rotate, the corolla of 5 petals, 5-8 mm long, obovate, distinct from each other but adnate at base to staminal column, convolute in bud. Stamens 5 to numerous, monadelphous, forming a staminal column, staminal column yellowish, terminated by filaments; anthers monothecal. Ovary superior, carpels 15-30, the carpels borne in a single whorl or rarely seemingly superposed whorls, placentation axile; ovules 2(-3) per carpel, the basal ovule separated from 1(2) upper ovules by an endoglossum; style branches as many as carpels, maroon; style exceeding the staminal column; stigmas maroon, terminal, capitate.

Fruit: Schizocarps 7.5–10 mm in diameter; mericarps blackish; oblong in lateral view; up to 4 mm long and 3.5 mm wide; lower 1/2 laterally and dorsally rugose-striate; indehiscent; upper 1/2 smooth-walled; hirsuite; bivalved; each valve with filiform awns 1–3 mm long. Seeds 2(3) per mericarp; 1-1.5 mm long; reddish brown; reniform; sparsely pubescent about the raphe; with or without endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 18

Habitat: Naturalized in open to slightly shaded; usually moist areas such as pastures and along roadsides.

Elevation Range: 850–2,100 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Gen. Hist. 1: 466 (1831)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:896 (M, H)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Modiola caroliniana w of kilauea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 7148 Hawaii US 7/26/1926
2 Modiola caroliniana east maui, makawao district, olinda rare plant nursery Disturbed open site PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. l. oppenheimer, k. m. bustamente & c. w. morden h61301 Maui US 6/3/2013
3 Modiola caroliniana East Maui, Makawao District, Olinda Rare Plant Nursery Disturbed open site PRESERVED_SPECIMEN H. L. Oppenheimer, K. M. Bustamente & C. W. Morden H61301 Maui US 6/3/2013
4 Modiola caroliniana puna dist., volcano village, wright rd., 2.4 mi from hwy 11, along roadside in olaa rain forest, hawaii volcanoes national park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN t. w. flynn, r. ornduff, r. gustafson & k. wilson 3912 Hawaii US 5/26/1990
5 Modiola caroliniana Edge of Wailuku Rim. Level of Holelouolu. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 714.H. Hawaii US 6/5/2015
6 Modiola caroliniana Kukaiau Ranch, N slopes of Mauna Kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rubtzoff, P. 2634 Hawaii US 7/7/1956
7 Modiola caroliniana kukaiau ranch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 14273 Hawaii US 8/20/1916
8 Modiola caroliniana W of Kilauea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 7148 Hawaii US 7/26/2026
9 Modiola caroliniana puu huluhulu, n. hilo district Surf-zone rock pools. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN anderson, s.j. collector number: 452 Hawaii BISH 10/14/1981
10 Modiola caroliniana kilauea c.c.c. camp Growing with dense, tall lawn grass. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fagerlund, g.o. mitchell, a.l. collector number: 312 Hawaii BISH 2/10/1943
11 Modiola caroliniana Keauhou Ranch, Kau District Growing in middle of Pu`u O`o Trail near gate in Pennisetum clandestinum pastureland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Clarke, G. ESP 128 Hawaii BISH 9/20/1979
12 Modiola caroliniana wailuku river wet Metrosideros rainforest; gravel in streambed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. gustafson, r.; martin, w.c.; flynn, t. collector number: 4869 Hawaii BISH 7/27/1983
13 Modiola caroliniana kipuka in flow of 1880-1 below kipuka ahiu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 932.h Oahu BISH 6/24/1915
14 Modiola caroliniana east of humuula, below kalaieha Occasional on black cinder and ash soil in somewhat open Metrosideros collina forest with Gleichenia PRESERVED_SPECIMEN neal, m.c. hartt, c. collector number: 707 Hawaii BISH 8/7/1935
15 Modiola caroliniana west of kilauea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 7148 Kauai BISH 7/26/1926
16 Modiola caroliniana Kau District: Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Along trail through Kipuka Puaulu Wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lammers, T.G. 5400 Hawaii BISH 9/2/1983
17 Modiola caroliniana Puu Huluhulu, Humuula Saddle Common on open ground. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 42161 Hawaii BISH 9/11/1961
18 Modiola caroliniana South Kona: Kealakekua, Pauahi In open pasture. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 1487 Hawaii BISH 8/13/1936
19 Modiola caroliniana Saddle Road, just beyond Pohakuloa Army Camp Prostrate, herbaceous weed of disturbed roadsides. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 2009 Hawaii BISH 7/13/1971
20 Modiola caroliniana kipuka ki, hawaii volcanoes national park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN higashino, p.k. collector number: 9728 Hawaii BISH 12/23/1981
21 Modiola caroliniana along main road 17 miles from kohala toward waimea Pasture. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 7150 Hawaii BISH 8/14/1926
22 Modiola caroliniana Kohala Mountains, Upper Hamakua Ditch Trail Wet forest, along trail. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 10239 Hawaii BISH 9/3/1933
23 Modiola caroliniana kau, hawaiian national park. kilauea. in bird park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 1419 Hawaii BISH 7/3/1936
24 Modiola caroliniana East Maui, Makawao District, Olinda Rare Plant Nursery. Growing in disturbed, open site. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H61301 Maui BISH 6/3/2013
25 Modiola caroliniana east maui, olinda, on the grounds of the old olinda prison Growing as a weed alongside the buildings in low grass or bare ground. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 1768 Maui BISH 5/31/1983
26 Modiola caroliniana Puu Huluhulu, N. Hilo District Growing in full sun on `a`a lava, with Pennisetum, Bromus, Sherardia, on the western side of the pu`u. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Anderson, S.J. Collector Number: 452 Hawaii BISH 10/14/1981
27 Modiola caroliniana Mauna Kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Faurie, A. 855 Hawaii BISH 6/1/1909
28 Modiola caroliniana Kohala, Honokaa. Region above cane fields Pasture. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 7149 Hawaii BISH 8/28/1926
29 Modiola caroliniana mauna kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN faurie, a. collector number: 855 Hawaii BISH 6/1/1909
30 Modiola caroliniana kilauea region PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 7796 Oahu BISH 8/8/1929
31 Modiola caroliniana south kona: kealakekua, pauahi In open pasture. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 1487 Hawaii BISH 8/13/1936
32 Modiola caroliniana n. hilo; laupahoehoe ahu; tr 13(5); e slope of mauna kea; ne of douglas monument on ridge s of maulau tr on aa; mesic koa-ohia forest with other native strees, native-exotic shrub and grass understory PRESERVED_SPECIMEN warshauer, f.r. collector number: frw 1683 Hawaii BISH 1/24/1978
33 Modiola caroliniana at the beginning of mauna loa scenic strip road, off the trail to the weather station In shady area under Sophora tree near small shed. Trailing herb. Common. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herat, t. herat, r.; higashino, p.k. collector number: 617 Hawaii BISH 6/19/1974
34 Modiola caroliniana North Kohala, in Kohua Ranch Land Common in pasture. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 1570 Hawaii BISH 9/4/1936
35 Modiola caroliniana kilauea, puaulu, kipuka PRESERVED_SPECIMEN meebold, a. collector number: 7147 Hawaii BISH 5/1/1932
36 Modiola caroliniana Keauhou Ranch, Kau District Growing in middle of Pu`u O`o Trail near gate in Pennisetum clandestinum pastureland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Clarke, G. Cuddihy, L.W.; Kubo, R.; Yoshida, L. Collector Number: ESP 128 Hawaii BISH 9/20/1979
37 Modiola caroliniana kohala mountains; waimea, pasture Decumbent. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 10256 Hawaii BISH 9/3/1933
38 Modiola caroliniana keauhou ranch, kau district, near kipuka puaulu, on puu oo trail In Pennisetum clandestinum (kikuyu) pasture with scattered Metrosideros and Acacia koa trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cuddihy, l.w. anderson, s. collector number: 556 Hawaii BISH 6/19/1980
39 Modiola caroliniana Kilauea, Puaulu, Kipuka PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Meebold, A. 7147 Hawaii BISH 5/1/1932
40 Modiola caroliniana West of Kilauea Shaded rocky pasture. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 7148 Hawaii BISH 7/26/1926
41 Modiola caroliniana kohala mts., upper hamakua ditch at end of access rd. above waikola reservoirs #1 and 2 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. et al. collector number: 5530 Hawaii BISH 6/23/1985
42 Modiola caroliniana Puu Huluhulu, N. Hilo District Growing in full sun on `a`a lava, with Pennisetum, Bromus, Sherardia, on the western side of the pu`u. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Anderson, S.J. 452 Hawaii BISH 10/14/1981
43 Modiola caroliniana East Maui, Olinda, on the grounds of the old Olinda Prison Growing as a weed alongside the buildings in low grass or bare ground. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 1768 Maui BISH 5/31/1983
44 Modiola caroliniana waimea, ranch 17 mi. from kohala periodically fog-swept cattle range PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 7151 Hawaii BISH 8/1/1926
45 Modiola caroliniana puu huluhulu, humuula saddle Common on open ground. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 42161 Hawaii BISH 9/11/1961
46 Modiola caroliniana north kohala, in kohua ranch land Common in pasture. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 1570 Hawaii BISH 9/4/1936
47 Modiola caroliniana Edge of Wailuku River PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 714.H Hawaii BISH 6/5/1915
48 Modiola caroliniana Kipuka Ki, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Higashino, P.K. 9728 Hawaii BISH 12/23/1981
49 Modiola caroliniana At the beginning of Mauna Loa scenic strip road, off the trail to the weather station In shady area under Sophora tree near small shed. Trailing herb. Common. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herat, T. 617 Hawaii BISH 6/19/1974
50 Modiola caroliniana Kaala, Parker Ranch Wet pasture. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ewart III, G.R. 283 Hawaii BISH 6/16/1932
51 Modiola caroliniana unknown PRESERVED_SPECIMEN faurie, a. collector number: 855 BISH 7/1/1909
52 Modiola caroliniana N. Hilo; Laupahoehoe AHU; Tr 13(5); E slope of Mauna Kea; NE of Douglas Monument on ridge S of Maulau Tr on aa; mesic koa-ohia forest with other native strees, native-exotic shrub and grass understory PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 1683 Hawaii BISH 1/24/1978
53 Modiola caroliniana unknown PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Faurie, A. 855 BISH 7/1/1909
54 Modiola caroliniana Kilauea C.C.C. Camp Growing with dense, tall lawn grass. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fagerlund, G.O. 312 Hawaii BISH 2/10/1943
55 Modiola caroliniana south kohala: puukapu, waimea; pookanaka paddock PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 2141 Hawaii BISH 6/2/1938
56 Modiola caroliniana Wailuku River wet Metrosideros rainforest; gravel in streambed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 4869 Hawaii BISH 7/27/1983
57 Modiola caroliniana kohala, honokaa. region above cane fields PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 7149 Maui BISH 8/28/1926
58 Modiola caroliniana slopes of mauna kea (wailei) PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 458.h Oahu BISH 8/8/1911
59 Modiola caroliniana Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park, Hawai'i, USA Disturbed open site PRESERVED_SPECIMEN H. L. Oppenheimer, K. M. Bustamente & C. W. Morden H61301 Hawaii HAPI 6/3/2013
60 Modiola caroliniana Keauhou Ranch, Kau District, near Kipuka Puaulu, on Puu oo trail In Pennisetum clandestinum (kikuyu) pasture with scattered Metrosideros and Acacia koa trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. Anderson, S. Collector Number: 556 Hawaii BISH 6/19/1980
61 Modiola caroliniana keauhou ranch, kau district Growing in middle of Pu`u O`o Trail near gate in Pennisetum clandestinum pastureland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN clarke, g. cuddihy, l.w.; kubo, r.; yoshida, l. collector number: esp 128 Hawaii BISH 9/20/1979
62 Modiola caroliniana Kohala Mts., upper Hamakua ditch at end of access rd. above Waikola reservoirs #1 and 2 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 5530 Hawaii BISH 6/23/1985
63 Modiola caroliniana Kohala Mountains; Waimea, pasture Decumbent. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 10256 Hawaii BISH 9/3/1933
64 Modiola caroliniana located on the mauna loa strip road about 2.5 miles from intersection with kona-hilo highway; or about 100 meters (ne) uphill from 4,000 ft elevation sign at right side of road; or about 1 mjile past kipuka puaulu. (plot 20) Wet gully PRESERVED_SPECIMEN newell, c.l. collector number: 175 Oahu BISH 7/27/1966
65 Modiola caroliniana Keauhou Ranch, Kau District, near Kipuka Puaulu, on Puu oo trail In Pennisetum clandestinum (kikuyu) pasture with scattered Metrosideros and Acacia koa trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. 556 Hawaii BISH 6/19/1980
66 Modiola caroliniana Located on the Mauna Loa Strip Road about 2.5 miles from intersection with Kona-Hilo Highway; or about 100 meters (NE) uphill from 4,000 ft elevation sign at right side of road; or about 1 mjile past Kipuka Puaulu. (plot 20) Acacia-Sapindus savanna community. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Newell, C.L. 175 Hawaii BISH 7/27/1966
67 Modiola caroliniana saddle road, just beyond pohakuloa army camp Prostrate, herbaceous weed of disturbed roadsides. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 2009 Hawaii BISH 7/13/1971
68 Modiola caroliniana Located on the Mauna Loa Strip Road about 2.5 miles from intersection with Kona-Hilo Highway; or about 100 meters (NE) uphill from 4,000 ft elevation sign at right side of road; or about 1 mjile past Kipuka Puaulu. (plot 20) Acacia-Sapindus savanna community. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Newell, C.L. 173 Hawaii BISH 7/27/1966
69 Modiola caroliniana Slopes of Mauna Kea (Wailei) PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 458.H Hawaii BISH 8/1/1911
70 Modiola caroliniana Kilauea region Open grassy region. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 7796 Hawaii BISH 8/1/1929
71 Modiola caroliniana Kau, Hawaiian National Park. Kilauea. In Bird Park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 1419 Hawaii BISH 7/3/1936
72 Modiola caroliniana located on the mauna loa strip road about 2.5 miles from intersection with kona-hilo highway; or about 100 meters (ne) uphill from 4,000 ft elevation sign at right side of road; or about 1 mjile past kipuka puaulu. (plot 20) Acacia-Sapindus savanna community. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN newell, c.l. collector number: 173 Hawaii BISH 7/27/1966
73 Modiola caroliniana kaala, parker ranch Wet pasture. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ewart iii, g.r. collector number: 283 Hawaii BISH 6/16/1932
74 Modiola caroliniana South Kohala: Puukapu, Waimea; Pookanaka paddock PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 2141 Hawaii BISH 6/2/1938
75 Modiola caroliniana volcanoes national park, at the beginning of the mauna loa scenic strip road, off the trail to the weather station shady, under Sophora tree near a small shed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herat, t. herat, r.; higashino, p.k. collector number: 617 Hawaii BISH 6/19/1974
76 Modiola caroliniana kau district: hawaii volcanoes national park. along trail through kipuka puaulu Wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lammers, t.g. collector number: 5400 Hawaii BISH 9/2/1983
77 Modiola caroliniana East of Humuula, below Kalaieha On pahoehoe. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Neal, M.C. 707 Hawaii BISH 8/7/1935
78 Modiola caroliniana waikii edges of corn fields PRESERVED_SPECIMEN judd jr., a.f. Hawaii BISH 7/21/1928
79 Modiola caroliniana Saddle Road, just beyond Pohakuloa Army Camp. Along disturbed roadsides. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Derral Herbst 2009 Hawaii PTBG 7/13/1971
80 Modiola caroliniana Along main road 17 miles from Kohala toward Waimea Pasture. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 7150 Hawaii BISH 8/14/1926
81 Modiola caroliniana Volcanoes National Park, at the beginning of the Mauna Loa scenic strip road, off the trail to the weather station shady, under Sophora tree near a small shed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herat, T. 617 Hawaii BISH 6/19/1974
82 Modiola caroliniana Waimea, ranch 17 mi. from Kohala periodically fog-swept cattle range PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 7151 Hawaii BISH 8/1/1926
83 Modiola caroliniana Kipuka in flow of 1880-1 below Kipuka ahiu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 932.H Hawaii BISH 6/24/1915
84 Modiola caroliniana kohala mountains, upper hamakua ditch trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 10239 Oahu BISH 9/3/1933
85 Modiola caroliniana edge of wailuku river PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 714.h Hawaii BISH 6/5/1915
86 Modiola caroliniana trail to maunaiki. 1.4 miles east of highway 11. Crevices of cliffs PRESERVED_SPECIMEN thorne, k. 7338 Maui F 8/14/1989
87 Modiola caroliniana edge of wailuku rim. level of holelouolu. Mamane (Sophora) shrub forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 714.h. NY 6/5/1915
88 Modiola caroliniana Volcano Village, Wright Road, 2.4 miles from Hwy 11. Along road side in Olaa Rain forest, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Cibotium glaucum dominated forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 3912 Hawaii PTBG 5/26/1990
89 Modiola caroliniana Volcanoes National Park. Kipuka Ki. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steven P. Darwin 1202 Hawaii PTBG 8/13/1975
90 Modiola caroliniana East Maui. Olinda Rare Plant Nursery. Open, disturbed site. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H61301 Maui PTBG 6/3/2013
91 Modiola caroliniana Hawaii Vocanoes National Park. Along trail through Kipuka Puaulu. Elev. 1225-1250 m. Wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN T. G. Lammers 5400 Hawaii PTBG 9/2/1983
92 Modiola caroliniana southeast slope, 3 miles north of saddle road, 33 miles east of hilo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN thorne, k. 7338 UCS 8/14/1989
93 Modiola caroliniana Kukaiau Ranch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A. S. 14273 Hawaii US 8/20/2016
94 Modiola caroliniana volcanoes national park, kipuka ki PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. p. darwin 1202 Hawaii US 8/13/1975
95 Modiola caroliniana Puu Huluhulu, Humuula Saddle PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F. R. 42161 Hawaii US 9/11/1961
96 Modiola caroliniana kukaiau ranch, n slopes of mauna kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN p. rubtzoff 2634 Hawaii US 7/7/1956
97 Modiola caroliniana Ranch 17 mi from Kohala toward Waimea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 7151 Hawaii US 8/1/2026
98 Modiola caroliniana Puna Dist., Volcano Village, Wright Rd., 2.4 mi from Hwy 11, along roadside in Olaa Rain Forest, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. W.; Ornduff, R.; Gustafson, R.; Wilson, K. 3912 Hawaii US 5/26/1990
99 Modiola caroliniana East Maui, Makawao District, Olinda Rare Plant Nursery Disturbed open site PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H. L.; Bustamente, K. M.; Morden, C. W. H61301 Maui US 6/3/2013
100 Modiola caroliniana slopes of mauna kea (waiki) PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 458.h. Hawaii US
101 Modiola caroliniana ranch 17 mi from kohala toward waimea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 7151 Hawaii US 8/1/1926
102 Modiola caroliniana Slopes of Mauna Kea (Waiki) PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 458.H. Hawaii US 8/11/2020
103 Modiola caroliniana puu huluhulu, humuula saddle PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. r. fosberg 42161 Hawaii US 9/11/1961
104 Modiola caroliniana Volcanoes National Park, Kipuka Ki PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Darwin, S. P. 1202 Hawaii US 8/13/1975
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