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Modiola caroliniana

(L.) G.Don (1831)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malvales Family: Malvaceae Genus: Modiola

modiola

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Creeping diffuse perennial herbs, sparsely hirsute, the hairs simple or 2-branched.

Stems: Stems slender, rooting at the nodes, up to 0.5(–0.8) m long.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades usually 1.5–6 cm long. Base truncate to subcordate. Margins lobed and serrate. Petioles about as long or longer than blades. Stipules broadly ovate, persistent.

Flowers: Flowers solitary in the leaf axils, pedicellate; involucral bracts 3, oblanceolate to obovate-cuneate, distinct. Involucral bracts 3.5–5.5 mm long, up to 2.2 mm wide. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Pedicels filiform, usually shorter than subtending petioles. Calyx 5-lobed, composed of connate sepals, sometimes irregularly cleft or truncate, the lobes valvate in bud, 4–7 mm long, accrescent and clasping in fruit. Corolla actinomorphic to moderately zygomorphic, salmon-colored to orange, often maroon at center, drying rose or lavender, rotate, the corolla of 5 petals, 5-8 mm long, obovate, distinct from each other but adnate at base to staminal column, convolute in bud. Stamens 5 to numerous, monadelphous, forming a staminal column, staminal column yellowish, terminated by filaments; anthers monothecal. Ovary superior, carpels 15-30, the carpels borne in a single whorl or rarely seemingly superposed whorls, placentation axile; ovules 2(-3) per carpel, the basal ovule separated from 1(2) upper ovules by an endoglossum; style branches as many as carpels, maroon; style exceeding the staminal column; stigmas maroon, terminal, capitate.

Fruit: Schizocarps 7.5–10 mm in diameter; mericarps blackish; oblong in lateral view; up to 4 mm long and 3.5 mm wide; lower 1/2 laterally and dorsally rugose-striate; indehiscent; upper 1/2 smooth-walled; hirsuite; bivalved; each valve with filiform awns 1–3 mm long. Seeds 2(3) per mericarp; 1-1.5 mm long; reddish brown; reniform; sparsely pubescent about the raphe; with or without endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 18

Habitat: Naturalized in open to slightly shaded; usually moist areas such as pastures and along roadsides.

Elevation Range: 850–2,100 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Specimens

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Bibliography

Name Published In: Gen. Hist. 1: 466 (1831)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:896 (M, H)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Keauhou Ranch, Kau District, near Kipuka Puaulu, on Puu oo trail In Pennisetum clandestinum (kikuyu) pasture with scattered Metrosideros and Acacia koa trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. Anderson, S. Collector Number: 556 Hawaii BISH 6/19/1980
2 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don puu huluhulu, humuula saddle Common on open ground. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 42161 Hawaii BISH 9/11/1961
3 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Kaala, Parker Ranch Wet pasture. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ewart III, G.R. 283 Hawaii BISH 6/16/1932
4 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don south kohala: puukapu, waimea; pookanaka paddock PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 2141 Hawaii BISH 6/2/1938
5 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Wailuku River wet Metrosideros rainforest; gravel in streambed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 4869 Hawaii BISH 7/27/1983
6 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don kohala, honokaa. region above cane fields PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 7149 Maui BISH 8/28/1926
7 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don keauhou ranch, kau district Growing in middle of Pu`u O`o Trail near gate in Pennisetum clandestinum pastureland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN clarke, g. cuddihy, l.w.; kubo, r.; yoshida, l. collector number: esp 128 Hawaii BISH 9/20/1979
8 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don north kohala, in kohua ranch land Common in pasture. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 1570 Hawaii BISH 9/4/1936
9 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Edge of Wailuku River PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 714.H Hawaii BISH 6/5/1915
10 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Kipuka Ki, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Higashino, P.K. 9728 Hawaii BISH 12/23/1981
11 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don At the beginning of Mauna Loa scenic strip road, off the trail to the weather station In shady area under Sophora tree near small shed. Trailing herb. Common. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herat, T. 617 Hawaii BISH 6/19/1974
12 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Kohala Mts., upper Hamakua ditch at end of access rd. above Waikola reservoirs #1 and 2 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 5530 Hawaii BISH 6/23/1985
13 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don unknown PRESERVED_SPECIMEN faurie, a. collector number: 855 BISH 7/1/1909
14 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don N. Hilo; Laupahoehoe AHU; Tr 13(5); E slope of Mauna Kea; NE of Douglas Monument on ridge S of Maulau Tr on aa; mesic koa-ohia forest with other native strees, native-exotic shrub and grass understory PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 1683 Hawaii BISH 1/24/1978
15 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don unknown PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Faurie, A. 855 BISH 7/1/1909
16 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Kohala Mountains; Waimea, pasture Decumbent. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 10256 Hawaii BISH 9/3/1933
17 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Kilauea C.C.C. Camp Growing with dense, tall lawn grass. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fagerlund, G.O. 312 Hawaii BISH 2/10/1943
18 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don located on the mauna loa strip road about 2.5 miles from intersection with kona-hilo highway; or about 100 meters (ne) uphill from 4,000 ft elevation sign at right side of road; or about 1 mjile past kipuka puaulu. (plot 20) Wet gully PRESERVED_SPECIMEN newell, c.l. collector number: 175 Oahu BISH 7/27/1966
19 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don slopes of mauna kea (wailei) PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 458.h Oahu BISH 8/8/1911
20 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Keauhou Ranch, Kau District, near Kipuka Puaulu, on Puu oo trail In Pennisetum clandestinum (kikuyu) pasture with scattered Metrosideros and Acacia koa trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. 556 Hawaii BISH 6/19/1980
21 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Located on the Mauna Loa Strip Road about 2.5 miles from intersection with Kona-Hilo Highway; or about 100 meters (NE) uphill from 4,000 ft elevation sign at right side of road; or about 1 mjile past Kipuka Puaulu. (plot 20) Acacia-Sapindus savanna community. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Newell, C.L. 175 Hawaii BISH 7/27/1966
22 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don saddle road, just beyond pohakuloa army camp Prostrate, herbaceous weed of disturbed roadsides. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 2009 Hawaii BISH 7/13/1971
23 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Located on the Mauna Loa Strip Road about 2.5 miles from intersection with Kona-Hilo Highway; or about 100 meters (NE) uphill from 4,000 ft elevation sign at right side of road; or about 1 mjile past Kipuka Puaulu. (plot 20) Acacia-Sapindus savanna community. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Newell, C.L. 173 Hawaii BISH 7/27/1966
24 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don located on the mauna loa strip road about 2.5 miles from intersection with kona-hilo highway; or about 100 meters (ne) uphill from 4,000 ft elevation sign at right side of road; or about 1 mjile past kipuka puaulu. (plot 20) Acacia-Sapindus savanna community. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN newell, c.l. collector number: 173 Hawaii BISH 7/27/1966
25 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Slopes of Mauna Kea (Wailei) PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 458.H Hawaii BISH 8/1/1911
26 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Kilauea region Open grassy region. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 7796 Hawaii BISH 8/1/1929
27 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Kau, Hawaiian National Park. Kilauea. In Bird Park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 1419 Hawaii BISH 7/3/1936
28 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don kaala, parker ranch Wet pasture. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ewart iii, g.r. collector number: 283 Hawaii BISH 6/16/1932
29 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don kau district: hawaii volcanoes national park. along trail through kipuka puaulu Wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lammers, t.g. collector number: 5400 Hawaii BISH 9/2/1983
30 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don volcanoes national park, at the beginning of the mauna loa scenic strip road, off the trail to the weather station shady, under Sophora tree near a small shed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herat, t. herat, r.; higashino, p.k. collector number: 617 Hawaii BISH 6/19/1974
31 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don East of Humuula, below Kalaieha On pahoehoe. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Neal, M.C. 707 Hawaii BISH 8/7/1935
32 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Along main road 17 miles from Kohala toward Waimea Pasture. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 7150 Hawaii BISH 8/14/1926
33 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don South Kohala: Puukapu, Waimea; Pookanaka paddock PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 2141 Hawaii BISH 6/2/1938
34 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don waikii edges of corn fields PRESERVED_SPECIMEN judd jr., a.f. Hawaii BISH 7/21/1928
35 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Kipuka in flow of 1880-1 below Kipuka ahiu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 932.H Hawaii BISH 6/24/1915
36 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don kohala mountains, upper hamakua ditch trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 10239 Oahu BISH 9/3/1933
37 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Saddle Road, just beyond Pohakuloa Army Camp. Along disturbed roadsides. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Derral Herbst 2009 Hawaii PTBG 7/13/1971
38 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don edge of wailuku river PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 714.h Hawaii BISH 6/5/1915
39 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don trail to maunaiki. 1.4 miles east of highway 11. Crevices of cliffs PRESERVED_SPECIMEN thorne, k. 7338 Maui F 8/14/1989
40 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Volcanoes National Park, at the beginning of the Mauna Loa scenic strip road, off the trail to the weather station shady, under Sophora tree near a small shed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herat, T. 617 Hawaii BISH 6/19/1974
41 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Waimea, ranch 17 mi. from Kohala periodically fog-swept cattle range PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 7151 Hawaii BISH 8/1/1926
42 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don edge of wailuku rim. level of holelouolu. Mamane (Sophora) shrub forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 714.h. NY 6/5/1915
43 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don East Maui. Olinda Rare Plant Nursery. Open, disturbed site. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H61301 Maui PTBG 6/3/2013
44 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Volcanoes National Park. Kipuka Ki. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steven P. Darwin 1202 Hawaii PTBG 8/13/1975
45 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Volcano Village, Wright Road, 2.4 miles from Hwy 11. Along road side in Olaa Rain forest, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Cibotium glaucum dominated forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 3912 Hawaii PTBG 5/26/1990
46 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Hawaii Vocanoes National Park. Along trail through Kipuka Puaulu. Elev. 1225-1250 m. Wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN T. G. Lammers 5400 Hawaii PTBG 9/2/1983
47 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don southeast slope, 3 miles north of saddle road, 33 miles east of hilo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN thorne, k. 7338 UCS 8/14/1989
48 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Puu Huluhulu, Humuula Saddle PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F. R. 42161 Hawaii US 9/11/1961
49 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Kukaiau Ranch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A. S. 14273 Hawaii US 8/20/2016
50 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Puu Huluhulu, Humuula Saddle Common on open ground. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 42161 Hawaii BISH 9/11/1961
51 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don kukaiau ranch, n slopes of mauna kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN p. rubtzoff 2634 Hawaii US 7/7/1956
52 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Ranch 17 mi from Kohala toward Waimea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 7151 Hawaii US 8/1/2026
53 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don East Maui, Makawao District, Olinda Rare Plant Nursery Disturbed open site PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H. L.; Bustamente, K. M.; Morden, C. W. H61301 Maui US 6/3/2013
54 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don ranch 17 mi from kohala toward waimea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 7151 Hawaii US 8/1/1926
55 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Volcanoes National Park, Kipuka Ki PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Darwin, S. P. 1202 Hawaii US 8/13/1975
56 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don volcanoes national park, kipuka ki PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. p. darwin 1202 Hawaii US 8/13/1975
57 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don east maui, makawao district, olinda rare plant nursery Disturbed open site PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. l. oppenheimer, k. m. bustamente & c. w. morden h61301 Maui US 6/3/2013
58 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Kukaiau Ranch, N slopes of Mauna Kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rubtzoff, P. 2634 Hawaii US 7/7/1956
59 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don kukaiau ranch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 14273 Hawaii US 8/20/1916
60 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Kau District: Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Along trail through Kipuka Puaulu Wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lammers, T.G. 5400 Hawaii BISH 9/2/1983
61 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Puna Dist., Volcano Village, Wright Rd., 2.4 mi from Hwy 11, along roadside in Olaa Rain Forest, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. W.; Ornduff, R.; Gustafson, R.; Wilson, K. 3912 Hawaii US 5/26/1990
62 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don slopes of mauna kea (waiki) PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 458.h. Hawaii US
63 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Slopes of Mauna Kea (Waiki) PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 458.H. Hawaii US 8/11/2020
64 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don puu huluhulu, humuula saddle PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. r. fosberg 42161 Hawaii US 9/11/1961
65 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don w of kilauea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 7148 Hawaii US 7/26/1926
66 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don East Maui, Makawao District, Olinda Rare Plant Nursery Disturbed open site PRESERVED_SPECIMEN H. L. Oppenheimer, K. M. Bustamente & C. W. Morden H61301 Maui US 6/3/2013
67 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don puna dist., volcano village, wright rd., 2.4 mi from hwy 11, along roadside in olaa rain forest, hawaii volcanoes national park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN t. w. flynn, r. ornduff, r. gustafson & k. wilson 3912 Hawaii US 5/26/1990
68 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Edge of Wailuku Rim. Level of Holelouolu. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 714.H. Hawaii US 6/5/2015
69 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don W of Kilauea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 7148 Hawaii US 7/26/2026
70 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don puu huluhulu, n. hilo district Surf-zone rock pools. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN anderson, s.j. collector number: 452 Hawaii BISH 10/14/1981
71 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don kilauea c.c.c. camp Growing with dense, tall lawn grass. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fagerlund, g.o. mitchell, a.l. collector number: 312 Hawaii BISH 2/10/1943
72 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Keauhou Ranch, Kau District Growing in middle of Pu`u O`o Trail near gate in Pennisetum clandestinum pastureland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Clarke, G. ESP 128 Hawaii BISH 9/20/1979
73 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don wailuku river wet Metrosideros rainforest; gravel in streambed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. gustafson, r.; martin, w.c.; flynn, t. collector number: 4869 Hawaii BISH 7/27/1983
74 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don kipuka in flow of 1880-1 below kipuka ahiu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 932.h Oahu BISH 6/24/1915
75 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don west of kilauea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 7148 Kauai BISH 7/26/1926
76 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don east of humuula, below kalaieha Occasional on black cinder and ash soil in somewhat open Metrosideros collina forest with Gleichenia PRESERVED_SPECIMEN neal, m.c. hartt, c. collector number: 707 Hawaii BISH 8/7/1935
77 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don kipuka ki, hawaii volcanoes national park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN higashino, p.k. collector number: 9728 Hawaii BISH 12/23/1981
78 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don South Kona: Kealakekua, Pauahi In open pasture. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 1487 Hawaii BISH 8/13/1936
79 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Saddle Road, just beyond Pohakuloa Army Camp Prostrate, herbaceous weed of disturbed roadsides. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 2009 Hawaii BISH 7/13/1971
80 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Puu Huluhulu, N. Hilo District Growing in full sun on `a`a lava, with Pennisetum, Bromus, Sherardia, on the western side of the pu`u. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Anderson, S.J. Collector Number: 452 Hawaii BISH 10/14/1981
81 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don mauna kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN faurie, a. collector number: 855 Hawaii BISH 6/1/1909
82 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Mauna Kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Faurie, A. 855 Hawaii BISH 6/1/1909
83 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Kohala, Honokaa. Region above cane fields Pasture. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 7149 Hawaii BISH 8/28/1926
84 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Kohala Mountains, Upper Hamakua Ditch Trail Wet forest, along trail. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 10239 Hawaii BISH 9/3/1933
85 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don kilauea region PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 7796 Oahu BISH 8/8/1929
86 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don south kona: kealakekua, pauahi In open pasture. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 1487 Hawaii BISH 8/13/1936
87 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don kau, hawaiian national park. kilauea. in bird park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 1419 Hawaii BISH 7/3/1936
88 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don at the beginning of mauna loa scenic strip road, off the trail to the weather station In shady area under Sophora tree near small shed. Trailing herb. Common. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herat, t. herat, r.; higashino, p.k. collector number: 617 Hawaii BISH 6/19/1974
89 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don n. hilo; laupahoehoe ahu; tr 13(5); e slope of mauna kea; ne of douglas monument on ridge s of maulau tr on aa; mesic koa-ohia forest with other native strees, native-exotic shrub and grass understory PRESERVED_SPECIMEN warshauer, f.r. collector number: frw 1683 Hawaii BISH 1/24/1978
90 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don East Maui, Makawao District, Olinda Rare Plant Nursery. Growing in disturbed, open site. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H61301 Maui BISH 6/3/2013
91 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don North Kohala, in Kohua Ranch Land Common in pasture. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 1570 Hawaii BISH 9/4/1936
92 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don east maui, olinda, on the grounds of the old olinda prison Growing as a weed alongside the buildings in low grass or bare ground. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 1768 Maui BISH 5/31/1983
93 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don kilauea, puaulu, kipuka PRESERVED_SPECIMEN meebold, a. collector number: 7147 Hawaii BISH 5/1/1932
94 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Keauhou Ranch, Kau District Growing in middle of Pu`u O`o Trail near gate in Pennisetum clandestinum pastureland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Clarke, G. Cuddihy, L.W.; Kubo, R.; Yoshida, L. Collector Number: ESP 128 Hawaii BISH 9/20/1979
95 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don kohala mountains; waimea, pasture Decumbent. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 10256 Hawaii BISH 9/3/1933
96 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don keauhou ranch, kau district, near kipuka puaulu, on puu oo trail In Pennisetum clandestinum (kikuyu) pasture with scattered Metrosideros and Acacia koa trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cuddihy, l.w. anderson, s. collector number: 556 Hawaii BISH 6/19/1980
97 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Kilauea, Puaulu, Kipuka PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Meebold, A. 7147 Hawaii BISH 5/1/1932
98 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don along main road 17 miles from kohala toward waimea Pasture. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 7150 Hawaii BISH 8/14/1926
99 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don West of Kilauea Shaded rocky pasture. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 7148 Hawaii BISH 7/26/1926
100 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Puu Huluhulu, N. Hilo District Growing in full sun on `a`a lava, with Pennisetum, Bromus, Sherardia, on the western side of the pu`u. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Anderson, S.J. 452 Hawaii BISH 10/14/1981
101 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don kohala mts., upper hamakua ditch at end of access rd. above waikola reservoirs #1 and 2 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. et al. collector number: 5530 Hawaii BISH 6/23/1985
102 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don East Maui, Olinda, on the grounds of the old Olinda Prison Growing as a weed alongside the buildings in low grass or bare ground. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 1768 Maui BISH 5/31/1983
103 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don waimea, ranch 17 mi. from kohala periodically fog-swept cattle range PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 7151 Hawaii BISH 8/1/1926
104 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park, Hawai'i, USA Disturbed open site PRESERVED_SPECIMEN H. L. Oppenheimer, K. M. Bustamente & C. W. Morden H61301 Hawaii HAPI 6/3/2013
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